Seminar 3:
Love, Commerce and Conflict: Marlowe´s Jew of Malta, Shakespeare´s Merchant of Venice and poems by Shakespeare and Donne

Paul Franssen (Utrecht University)

TOPIC DESCRIPTION
The conflict in Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of Venice is partly concerned with rival commercial practices: usury versus trade investment. However, the play’s various love affairs are also described in commercial tropes. This seminar will discuss these issues in The Merchant in tandem with similar concerns in other Shakespeare texts, in particular The Sonnets, and will set this off against the conflicts involving love, ethnicity, and commercial interests in Marlowe’s play The Jew of Malta. In that play, many of the same elements of greed, revenge, love, and ethnic tensions play a role.

READING LIST

William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice

Christopher Marlowe, The Jew of Malta

William Shakespeare, Sonnets 52, 87, 116, 134.

John Donne, “The Sun Rising,” “The Canonization,” Elegy 19, “Spit in my face ye Jews”

William W. Demastes, excerpts from Comedy Matters: From Shakespeare to Stoppard (Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2008)

Arthur Humphreys, “The Jew of Malta and The Merchant of Venice: Two Readings of Life,” Huntington Library Quarterly 50.3 (1987): 279-93.

Paul Franssen, “‘With all my Heart’: The Pound of Flesh and the Execution of Justice,” in Jürgen Pieters, ed., Critical Self-Fashioning: Stephen Greenblatt and the New Historicism (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1999), 87-128.

SCHEDULE
Session 1:
In the first session, we shall discuss tropes of love and riches in poetry. In some poems, the desire for a person and that for riches are metaphorically equated, whereas in others they are presented as opposed to each other. To illustrate this, we shall study Shakespeare’s sonnets 52, 87, and 116. In addition, we shall look at John Donne’s “The Sun Rising,””The Canonization,” and Elegy 19. To prepare for the later sessions, we shall also look at Donne’s Holy Sonnet “Spit in my Face ye Jews” and Shakespeare’s sonnet 134.
Reading: the poems by Shakespeare and Donne.

Session 2:
In the second session, we shall discuss Marlowe’s The Jew of Malta, its representation of Jewish trade practices, and variations on the theme of love in this play. We shall focus on those elements in the play that are echoed (often in modified form) in Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice, such as the ethnic conflicts, the daughter figure who crosses the divide between religions, the Jew’s adherence to the Law and (understandable) vengefulness, and the hypocrisy of the (Catholic) Christians. We shall investigate in particular those passages where love and material possessions seem to be equated.
Reading:
Marlowe, The Jew of Malta
Arthur Humphreys, “The Jew of Malta and The Merchant of Venice: Two Readings of Life,” Huntington Library Quarterly 50.3 (1987): 279-93.

Session 3: |
In the final session, we shall investigate Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice. Here, the discourses of (romantic) love and of money making seem to run largely parallel, in so far that an ideal of love is posited that gives freely, without expecting anything in return, which resembles the risk-taking investments of the Christian characters. Indeed, in the case of Bassanio’s expedition to win Portia’s heart, the two types of enterprise seem to coincide. Shylock’s insistence on the law, on quid pro quo, serves as a foil to the generosity of the Christian community. However, the play also questions whether the supposed differences between Antonio and Shylock, between entrepreneurship and usury, between Christian charity and Jewish law, are really all that absolute. We shall the play’s antagonism from the perspective of anthropological theories on the reciprocity of the gift, as well as theological views on the free gift of God’s grace as well as man’s duty to reciprocate.
Reading:
William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice
William W. Demastes, excerpts from Comedy Matters: From Shakespeare to Stoppard(Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2008)
Paul Franssen, “‘With all my Heart’: The Pound of Flesh and the Execution of Justice,” in Jürgen Pieters, ed., Critical Self-Fashioning: Stephen Greenblatt and the New Historicism (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1999), 87-128.

ASSESSMENT

The first seminar grade expresses the activity in the seminar discussion. It can range from 0 to 10, the pass limit is 5. The second seminar grade assesses the quality of paper proposals (300 words minimum), the share of the student in the preparation of the final presentation, its contents and standard. It can range from 0 to 15, the pass limit is 8. The final essay grade is expressed in points from 0 to 30, the pass limit is 15. Deadline for the submission of the essay: 15 July 2013. Length of the essay: 3000-4000 words. The maximum number of points acquired for the 2 seminars and an essay is 80 (25+25+30). For the participation in a workshop 5 points are acquired (10 points for two workshops). For the the submission of an internship application 5 points are acquired and 10 points fort the shortlisting for the internship.